Milad: Rođenje sna i njegov nastavak
Valid Daka (Walid Daqqa) bio je jedan od najprominentnijih palestinskih intelektualaca i političkih zatvorenika. Rođen je 1961. godine u arapskom gradu Zapadna Baka u Izraelu, blizu demarkacijske Zelene linije. Godine 1987. osuđen je na doživotni zatvor zbog indirektne upletenosti u otmicu i smrt jednog izraelskog vojnika. Na inicijativu tadašnjeg izraelskog predsjednika Šimona Peresa 2012. doživotna kazna promijenjena je u 37-godišnju, pa je trebao biti oslobođen 2023. No kazna je kasnije opet produžena, a sud nije uvažio njegove molbe za pomilovanje ni nakon što mu je dijagnosticiran uznapredovali karcinom zbog kojeg je preporučena transplantacija koštane srži. Trebao je biti oslobođen 24. ožujka ove, ali je umro u travnju prošle godine, a njegovo tijelo još uvijek nije izručeno njegovoj obitelji. Daka je u zatvoru pisao političke tekstove, knjige za djecu i drame. Procjenjuje se da je u izraelskim zatvorima oko 8000 oboljelih palestinskih zatvorenika kojima vlasti uskraćuju medicinsku skrb.
Svojim strpljenjem i nepokolebljivom snagom Valid me naučio kako uzgajati najdublje veze i kako čuvati one koje su najsvetije. Pokazao mi je kako disati u zagađenom zraku vremena obilježenog nacionalnim i moralnim propadanjem, kako da ostanem etički živa i kako da živim život motiviran smislom i svrhom u svijetu u kojemu je taj isti život sveden na vrijednost jednokratne čaše. Ipak, uza sve ono što sam ja naučila od njega, često mi je govorio da je on naučio od mene nešto još važnije - da je ljubav podjednako važna koliko je važna sloboda. U svom „Pismu suputnici“ opisao me je kao „al“, definirajući član svog života.
Naš zajednički život nikada nije bio lagan, Valide, ali je bio drugačiji od bilo kojeg drugog. Sve što smo dobili od svijeta koji nam je oduzet svemu je dalo jedinstveno značenje. Svaka faza našeg putovanja priča je koja vrijedi da je ispričamo sebi i drugima. Kruna tih priča je Milad.
Iako Milad i ja sada moramo broditi ovim teškim životom same, noseći sa sobom samo uspomenu na tebe, ti ćeš zauvijek ostati naš prvi učitelj. Slijedit ćemo tvoj put i ići za tvojim snovima. Nastavljat ćemo tvoj san jer snovima uvećavamo našu snagu da se nosimo s težinom života. Mnogi se boje sanjati, misleći da su snovi noćne more. Ali Milad i ja sanjat ćemo hrabro, bez straha, jer je najgore što nam se može dogoditi to da se probudimo i suočimo s realnošću, svjesne i jasnog pogleda.
Pamtim svoj prvi posjet Validu kao da je bio nastavak mojih posjeta ocu za vrijeme njegovog boravka u zatvoru 1970-ih. Tada smo desetogodišnje zatvorske kazne smatrali „kratkim periodima“; turobni ustupak desetljećima koja naši zatvorenici danas izdržavaju u izraelskim zatvorima. Preko oca upoznala sam ikone zatvorskog pokreta, ljude koji su u zatočeništvu proveli nebrojene godine, poput mučenika Omara al Kasima 1. Tada nisam ni slutila da će se moj život ispreplesti s jednim zatvorenikom čije je putovanje toliko nalik onome Omara al Kasima.
Valid, mučenik i svjedok, dio je moje memorije. Pamtim njegov čvrst moralni integritet i izvanrednu pristojnost prilikom našeg prvog susreta, koji sam inicirala kako bih radila na izvještaju o uvjetima života zatvorenika. Iz pristojnosti pitala sam ga: „Što vam (svima vama) mogu donijeti, Valide, treba li vam nešto?“ Bez oklijevanja odgovorio mi je: „Da, da, molim te donesi mi knjigu 'Izraelski vojni um'“. Od tog dana pa nadalje, Valid je najčešće tražio da mu donosim knjige. Na početku svakog susreta prvo bi me pitao: „Jesi li donijela knjige?“ Kasnije, nakon što se rodila Milad, pitanje se pretvorilo u nešto nježnije: „Jesi li donijela fotografije?“
Moji posjeti zatvoru postali su sveti rituali, za svaki sam se minuciozno pripremala, nakon svakog sam dugo razmišljala. Energija, nada i odlučnost koje je Valid u mene ulijevao ne može se s ničim usporediti. Svaki je posjet bio podijeljen u dva dijela: radni dio i dio posvećen nadanju. Radni je dio bio ispunjen diskusijama i instrukcijama, planovima i aktivnostima podrške zatvorenicima unutar zatvorskih zidova. Ne sjećam se da je Valid ikada govorio samo o sebi i uvjetima u kojima on živi, fokus je uvijek bio na kolektivno – na druge zatvorenike, na zatvorski pokret, na politička i nacionalna pitanja i na stanje šireg arapskog svijeta.
Živo se sjećam kada sam ga posjetila u zatvoru Gilboa2 u vrijeme egipatske revolucije, tada je bio u zatvoru već 25 godina. S nesmiljenom odlučnošću rekao mi je: „Ako je potrebno da provedem u zatvoru još 25 godina da egipatska revolucija uspije, spreman sam“.
Što se tiče dijela posvećenog nadanju, u kojem smo se bavili Validovim eventualnim oslobađanjem, on ostaje nedovršen do današnjeg dana.
Dani su se pretvarali u tjedne, tjedni u mjesece a mjeseci u godine. Zajedno smo stvorili nebrojene uspomene, a Valid je ostao stamen u svojoj borbi unutar i izvan zatvorskih zidova. Hvatao se u koštac s najtežim pitanjima i smišljao rješenja za palestinski nacionalni pokret. Valid je nastavljao pisati, njegovati nadu, nepopustljivo se držati sna o slobodi i oslobođenju.
Ipak, taj isti nacionalni pokret kojemu je posvetio život Valida je napustio, a oni za koje je žrtvovao sve što je imao zaboravili su ga. Prisjećam se vapaja govora koji sam održala 8. svibnja 2023. godine u Ramali, na komemoraciji povodom 21. godišnjice zatočenja nacionalnog vođe Marvana Bargutija3. Moje riječi bile su upućene Palestinskoj oslobodilačkoj organizaciji, nacionalnom i arapskom pokretu i svima koji podržavaju Palestinu u svijetu. Danas ponavljam taj vapaj: zahtijevam oslobađanje Validovog tijela kako bih ga mogla pokopati u svetom tlu Palestine, kako ne bi ostalo zatočeno u hladnom, opresivnom frižideru okupacije.
Mora li zatvorenik svoju borbu za slobodu voditi sam? Mora li njegova obitelj nositi teret borbe za njegovo oslobođenje, pa i oslobođenje njegovog tijela, u ime cijelog pokreta? Čime opravdati činjenicu da neki zatvorenik trune u zatočeništvu desetljećima, ako ne izdajom? Što je teže podnijeti, tišinu izdajnika ili bolne vapaje izdanog?
Tom prilikom stajala sam pred palestinskim vodstvom u Ramali i vrištala riječi koje sam Valid nije mogao napisati, riječi koje je izgubio zbog bolesti, iscrpljenosti i izdaje koja ga je prožimala za vrijeme njegovog beskrajnog čekanja, sve do trenutka kada je mučeništvo došlo po njega. Moje su riječi bile oštre onako kako je oštra bila Validova patnja, patnja svih zatvorenika palestinskog nacionalnog pokreta. Oštra poput zatočeništva, oštra poput slobode. Oštra poput mučeništva i oštra kao mučenik sam.
Valid se borbi pridružio kao član Narodnog fronta za oslobođenje Palestine 1983. godine. Uhapšen je 25. ožujka 1986, a u ožujku 1987. osuđen je na doživotni zatvor na vojnom sudu u okupiranom al Liddu4. Valid i grupa njegovih drugova 1998. godine priključili su se stranci Nacionalno demokratsko okupljanje5 u kojoj su bili aktivni i prije toga. Iako ih je nacionalni pokret napustio i iako su završili u zatvorima, ovi pojedinci nikada se nisu prestali boriti u svojim redovima.
Validova kazna 2012. godine promijenjena je iz doživotne u 37-godišnju, što znači da je trebao biti oslobođen 24. ožujka 2023. Umjesto toga, vojni sud u Beršebi6 28. svibnja 2018. donio je novu nepravednu presudu kojom je njegovoj kazni dodao još dvije godine zatvora jer je sudjelovao u švercanju mobilnih telefona zatvorenicima kako bi mogli komunicirati sa svojim obiteljima. Novi planirani datum oslobađanja tom je odlukom promijenjen u 24. ožujka 2025. godine. Imajući u vidu nikakve šanse da se ukine cionistički zakon koji onemogućava ranije oslobađanje zatvorenika kao što je Valid – čak i zbog medicinskih razloga, osim ukoliko predsjednik države ne dodijeli pomilovanje – njegova obitelj pokrenula je pravosudni postupak kako bi osporila dodatne dvije godine zatvora i tražila smanjenje produžene kazne za jednu trećinu.
U posljednjem poglavlju Validove bolesti, kada su se zidovi njegovog zatočeništva počeli sužavati a palestinski pokret posustajati, njegova obitelj bila je u toj borbi gotovo sama. U ožujku 2023. pokrenuli su kampanju za oslobođenje zatvorenika Valida Dake, oslanjajući se na potporu tisuća Palestinaca, Arapa i boraca za pravdu i slobodu diljem svijeta. Cilj kampanje bio je jednostavan: „Hitno oslobađanje zatvorenika Valida Dake kako bi mu se omogućio pristup medicinskom tretmanu“.
Da, taj je cilj okrutno osujećen. Rasistički cionistički sustav pravosuđa uskratio je pravdu, protesti solidarnosti brutalno su ugušeni, sadržaj kampanje na društvenim mrežama cenzuriran, a bujica zloćudnih glasina puštena kako bi se tu kampanju potkopalo. Unatoč tome, obitelj se neumorno trudila osporiti te laži. U to vrijeme, vođa zatvorenika Zakaria Zubeidi iz svoje samice predao je hitan zahtjev da mu se omogući da svom suborcu Validu donira koštanu srž, proglasivši se njegovim „bratom po kostima“. No drugi su oklijevali i njegov pokušaj nije uspio.
Neslužbena objava o Validovom mučeništvu došla je 7. travnja 2024, čime je kampanja za njegovo puštanje postala kampanja za oslobađanje njegovog tijela.
Valid Daka uvijek je bio čovjek koji ujedinjuje, neumoran kritičar nepravde, bilo pojedinačno, bilo u okviru Palestinske oslobodilačke organizacije ili šireg palestinskog nacionalnog pokreta. Danas se s pravom pitamo kako je moguće da je bio isključen iz pregovora o oslobađanju zatvorenika ne jednom, već četiri puta – 1994, 2008, 2011. i 2014. godine? Što su članovi i vođe nacionalnog pokreta učinili za Valida Daku, čije je tijelo i danas zatočeno zajedno s njegovim drugovima? Što su učinili, i što će učiniti, za sve one bolesne zatvorenike koji i danas trunu u neprijateljskim zatvorima? Kako će se nositi s uspomenom na Valida znajući da su iznevjerili nastojanja da se osigura njegova sloboda?
Valid je često pisao o otporu – o otporu u Jeninu, o otporu protiv brisanja svijesti, o otporu kaznama koje se nameću zatvorenicima. Čak i u njegovoj dječjoj trilogiji centar priča bili su zatvorenici, izbjeglice, mučenici, ali je unatoč tome dosljedno odbijao pisati o smrti. Umjesto toga, napisao je dramu „Mučenici se vraćaju u Ramalu“. Iznova i iznova, tražili smo da Valid ne ostane napušten, da se ne ostvari proročanstvo o njegovom povratku mučenika. Apelirali smo da ne završi kao likovi iz njegove drame, kojima su se samo duhovi vratili u Ramalu kako bi na zidovima zgrada vlasti napisali: „Oslobodite zatvorenike mučenike, oslobodite ostatke umrlih zatvorenika“.
Valid Daka 25. ožujka 1986. godine osnovao je sveučilište kakvo ne postoji nigdje u svijetu, sveučilište koje je danas razgranato na 28 lokacija u sjevernoj, središnjoj i južnoj okupiranoj Palestini: 19 zatvora, četiri centra za ispitivanje, tri detencijska centra i dva vojna suda. Ova institucija proteže se cijelom povijesnom Palestinom i prekriva 27.027 kvadratnih kilometra koji nisu ispresijecani kontrolnim točkama, kao da obuhvaća cijelu zemlju bez ikoga tko mu stoji na putu.
Valida ništa nije moglo zaustaviti, pa ni njegovo mučeništvo. Ostao je čvrst do kraja, kada je meni i jednom suborcu rekao, u snimljenom pozivu neposredno prije početka eksterminacije Gaze i Palestine: „Neću im dozvoliti da napišu posljednji redak". Dosljedan tim riječima, svoju borbu nastavlja i nakon kraja svog fizičkog postojanja, u trima tekstovima – romanu, drami i studiji, koji su objavljeni u specijalnom izdanju časopisa Journal of Palestine Studies7, u kojemu je bio član uredništva.
Nastavit ćemo, zajedno sa svima koji baštine Validovu ostavštinu, štititi, jačati i prevoditi njegovu viziju onako kako je on to namjeravao i onako kako dolikuje i njemu i Palestini. Validov duh još uvijek se bori, a njegova se prisutnost osjeća iako je njegovo tijelo i dalje nepravedno i protuzakonito zatočeno. Valid Daka i dalje se bori za nas – za svoj narod, za zatvorenike i za slobodu.
Ovaj tekst na hrvatski je prevela Tena Erceg.
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Museo Reina Sofia
Cinema Commons #1: On the Art of Occupying Spaces and Curating Film Programmes
On the Art of Occupying Spaces and Curating Film Programmes is a Museo Reina Sofía film programme overseen by Miriam Martín and Ana Useros, and the first within the project The Cinema and Sound Commons. The activity includes a lecture and two films screened twice in two different sessions: John Ford’s Fort Apache (1948) and John Gianvito’s The Mad Songs of Fernanda Hussein (2001).
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Vertical Horizon. Kyiv Biennial 2025
As one of five exhibitions comprising the 6th Kyiv Biennial 2025, ‘Vertical Horizon’ takes place at the Lentos Kunstmuseum in Linz, at the initiative of tranzit.at.
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International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People: Activities
To mark International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People and in conjunction with our collective text, we, the cultural workers of L'Internationale have compiled a list of programmes, actions and marches taking place accross Europe. Below you will find programmes organized by partner institutions as well as activities initaited by unions and grass roots organisations which we will be joining.
This is a live document and will be updated regularly.
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Screening: A Bunch of Questions with No Answers
This screening is part of a series of programs and actions taking place across L’Internationale partners to mark International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People.
A Bunch of Questions with No Answers (2025)
Alex Reynolds, Robert Ochshorn
23 hours 10 minutes
English; Turkish subtitles
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